Síndrome de Sweet mielodisplásico corticodependiente. A propósito de un caso / Corticosteroid-dependent myelodysplastic Sweet's syndrome. Presentation of a case

Fundamento y objetivo: El síndrome de Sweet o dermatosis neutrofílica febril aguda es una enfermedad inflamatoria infrecuente de fisiopatología desconocida, aunque las evidencias clínicas y bioquímicas sugieren que las citocinas tienen un papel importante en su etiopatogenia. Se distinguen 5 grupos etiológicos: idiopático, parainflamatorio, secundario a fármacos, asociado a embarazo y paraneoplásico. Este último grupo representa el 20% de los casos, asociados el 85% de ellos a neoplasias hematológicas y el 15% a tumores sólidos. Paciente: Se presenta el caso de un paciente afecto de síndrome de Sweet con afectación dermatológica atípica, asociado a un síndrome mielodisplásico y también a un síndrome de Cushing iatrogénico secundario a altas dosis de corticoides cuya evolución fue desfavorable. Resultados: Positividad de los reactantes de fase aguda (RFA) durante los brotes, destacando la elevación precoz de la interleucina 6 (IL-6) seguida del seroamiloide A (SAA) y proteína C reactiva (PCR), encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) entre la PCR y el SAA. Conclusiones: Un síndrome de Sweet en un varón con múltiples recaídas y localización dermatológica no clásica, cuando se asocia a alteraciones hematológicas, con un incremento de los RFA y elevación precoz de la IL-6 debe orientar el diagnóstico clínico hacia un origen paraneoplásico y hematológico

Background and objective: Sweet's syndrome or acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown pathophysiology, although clinical and biochemical evidence suggests that cytokines play an important role in its aetiopathogenesis. It is classified into five groups: idiopathic, para-inflammatory, secondary to drugs, associated with pregnancy, and para-neoplastic in 20% of cases, with 85% of these linked to haematological disorders, and 15% to solid tumours. Patient: A report is presented on a patient with Sweet's Syndrome with atypical dermatological involvement, associated with myelodysplastic syndrome, and iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome secondary to high-doses of corticosteroids, with an unfavorable outcome. Results: Acute phase reactants (APR) were increased during the outbreaks, with the early elevation of interleukin 6 (IL6) being highlighted, followed by serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP), with statistically significant differences (P<.05) between CRP and SAA. Conclusions: A Sweet's syndrome in a male with multiple relapses and a non-classical dermatological location, associated haematological abnormalities, and an increase in APR with early elevation of IL6, should lead to a clinical diagnosis of paraneoplastic and haematological origin

A Distinct Metabolite Profile Correlates with Neurodegenerative Conditions and the Severity of Congenital Hydrocephalus.

In congenital hydrocephalus, cerebrospinal fluid accumulation is associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP), ischemia/hypoxia, metabolic impairment, neuronal damage, and astrocytic reaction. The aim of this study was to identify whether a metabolite profile revealing tissue responses according to the severity of hydrocephalus can be detected. The hyh mutant mouse used for this study exhibits 2 different forms of hydrocephalus, severe and moderate. In a comprehensive investigation into the 2 progressions of hydrocephalus, mice with severe hydrocephalus were found to have higher ICP and astrocytic reaction. Several metabolites from the mouse brain cortex were analyzed with 1H high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (1H HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy. A differential profile for metabolites including glutamate and glutamine was found to correlate with the severity of hydrocephalus and can be explained due to differential astrocytic reactions, neurodegenerative conditions, and the presence of ischemia. The glutamate transporter EAAT2 and the metabolite taurine were found to be key histopathological markers of affected parenchymata. In conclusion, a differential metabolite profile can be detected according to the severity of hydrocephalus and associated ICP and therefore can be used to monitor the efficacy of experimental therapies.